Common Diseases and Conditions

• Diabetes A chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin production issues or insulin resistance. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, while Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults and can often be managed with lifestyle changes.
• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) A condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Hypertension can lead to serious health issues like heart disease, stroke, and kidney problems if not managed properly.
• Asthma A respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Asthma can be managed with medications and avoiding triggers.
• Cholesterol Disorders Conditions related to abnormal levels of cholesterol in the blood can lead to cardiovascular diseases. High levels of LDL (bad cholesterol) and low levels of HDL (good cholesterol) increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
• Osteoporosis A bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone mass or makes too little bone. This condition increases the risk of fractures, particularly in older adults. Weight-bearing exercises, a healthy diet, and medications can help manage it.
• Arthritis An inflammatory condition that affects the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. The most common types include osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment may include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) A digestive disorder where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. Lifestyle changes and medications can help manage symptoms.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) A progressive lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It causes breathing difficulties due to blocked airflow and is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants, particularly cigarette smoke.
• Allergies An immune response to substances (allergens) that are usually harmless, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods. Symptoms can range from sneezing and itching to severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Over-the-counter antihistamines and other medications can help manage symptoms.
• Common Cold A viral infection of the upper respiratory tract is characterized by symptoms such as runny nose, sore throat, cough, and congestion. Colds are usually self-limiting and can be managed with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications.
• Flu (Influenza) A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms include fever, body aches, fatigue, and cough. Vaccination and antiviral medications can help prevent and treat the flu.
• Sinusitis An inflammation of the sinus cavities, often resulting from a cold or allergy. Symptoms include facial pain, nasal congestion, and headaches. Treatment may include nasal decongestants, saline sprays, and, in some cases, antibiotics.
• Eczema A chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, and itching. It often occurs in children but can affect individuals of all ages. Moisturizers, topical steroids, and antihistamines may help manage symptoms.